The Red Arrows took part in a global first during the King’s Birthday flypast over London on 14th June 2025, becoming the world’s first national aerobatic team to use sustainable fuels in both propulsion and smoke generation.
Nine Hawk T1 jets from RAF Waddington flew over London while being powered by a 43% blend of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) mixed with standard jet fuel. At the same time, their instantly recognisable red, white, and blue smoke trails were produced using Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) instead of the usual diesel-based solution.
Cleaner Fuel, Same Performance
The SAF used in the Red Arrows was sourced from waste-based feedstocks like used cooking oil. This fuel can reduce lifecycle carbon emissions by up to 80% compared to traditional aviation fuels. The HVO used for the coloured smoke has up to a 90% emissions reduction and is fully renewable.
Importantly, both fuels were tested and proven to perform identically to fossil-based fuel. No engine modifications or changes to the smoke systems were needed. The switch to sustainable fuel was done using standard ground equipment and procedures, so it certainly looks to be practical and scalable.
Making The Change
The sustainable fuel integration was complete in under six months by the RAF’s own engineers and technical staff, led by Squadron Leader Andy King. All aircraft were refuelled at RAF Waddington before being used in the London display.
The smoke system, which is actually very important for visibility and formation safety during aerobatic displays, as well as the visual impact, performed to its usual high standard despite the switch to biofuel.
Sustainability In The RAF
This is all part of the RAF’s wider sustainability strategy, with support from the Ministry of Defence and Buckingham Palace. The King, a long-time advocate for greener aviation, was said to be “delighted” by the change.
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